Qing (1644-1911 CE)

• Brunnert, S., & V. V. Hagelstrom. Present Day Political Organization of China. First edition 1910. Second edition. Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh, 1911. Reprint Taibei: Cheng wen, 1971. This is the most comprehensive aid for the Qing, but it is more difficult to use than the above.
• Mayers, William Frederick. The Chinese Government: A Manual of Chinese titles Categorically Arranged and Explained, with an Appendix. First Edition Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press and London: Tribner, 1878. Third Edition. Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh, 1897. Reprint Taibei: Cheng wen, 1970. This is a very convenient aid. The first edition was published in 1877, the last in 1897. Therefore it reflects the situation existing before the changes introduced after the failure of the Boxers. It is not as complete as the next item.
• Zhu, Ao 朱鳌 . Qing dai da xue shi bu yuan da chen zong du xun fu quan lu 清代大学士部院大臣总督巡抚全录 (yuan zhu Zhu Pengshou 原著朱彭寿; gai bian zheng li Zhu Ao, Song Lingzhu 改编整理朱鳌, 宋苓珠. Edition: Di 1 ban.  第1版. Published/Created: Beijing Shi : Guo jia tu shu guan chu ban she, 2010.  北京市 : 国家图书馆出版社, 2010.
• Note: All of these aids should be used in conjunction with the primary Chinese aid, Li dai zhi guan biao 歷 代 職 官 表 (Tables of official positions throughout the dynasties) in 72 juan compiled under imperial auspices by Ji Yun 紀 昀 and others. The work, ordered in 1780, consists of a comprehensive set of tables of Chinese of official titles from the ancient San-tai period through the Ming arranged under the different boards, bureaux, and departments of the Qing government of the time of compilation. There is one table for each department of government. The title of the highest official in the department appears first followed by the titles of other officials connected with it in order to rank. After each table material is presented on changes in rank and title in that particular branch of government during the different periods as well as material concerning changes in fuction. Unfortunately, the work is marred by some mistakes and omissions. It has been reprinted in both the Si bu bei yao 四 部 備 要 and Guo xue ji ben cong shu 國 學 基 本 叢 書 . There is also an abridged version in 6 juan which bears the same title but contains only the bare tables. In 1965 the Zhonghua shu ju 中 華 書 局 in Shanghai published a Li dai zhi guan biao based on this work. In addition to reproducing the tables, however, it also provides an extensive introduction to the traditional official system, a separate section on the history and function of the various offices arranged according to number of strokes, and four-coner index. The index also has attached to it a total stroke and pinyinromanization key.